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What is Blood Cancer?
Blood cancer (also known as haematologic cancer) is a type of cancer that begins in blood cells or in blood-producing tissues, including the bone marrow and lymphatic system. The primary types of blood cancer are leukaemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, each affecting different parts of the blood or the immune system.
Leukaemia: This type of blood cancer occurs when there is an overproduction of white blood cells in the bone marrow. These abnormal white blood cells can't perform their usual infection-fighting duties and can crowd out healthy blood cells.
Lymphoma: Lymphoma originates in the lymphatic system, which plays a vital role in the immune system. There are two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which both affect the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.
Myeloma: Myeloma is a blood cancer that specifically affects plasma cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies to fight infections. When these cells become cancerous, they can crowd out healthy blood cells and lead to weakened immunity.
Symptoms
The symptoms of blood cancer can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Some common signs to watch out for include:
1. Fatigue: Feeling extremely tired, weak, or easily fatigued is a common symptom of blood cancer. It's caused by a shortage of healthy blood cells.
2. Frequent Infections: People with blood cancer may have a weakened immune system, making them more susceptible to infections like colds and flu.
3. Unexplained Weight Loss: Rapid and unexplained weight loss can be a sign of blood cancer, particularly lymphoma.
4. Enlarged Lymph Nodes: Swollen lymph nodes, usually painless, are a common symptom of lymphoma.
5. Easy Bruising and Bleeding: Blood cancers can interfere with the body's ability to form blood clots, leading to easy bruising and prolonged bleeding.
6. Bone Pain: Myeloma often causes bone pain, especially in the spine or ribs.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If you or a loved one experiences any of these symptoms, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional promptly. Diagnosing blood cancer typically involves a combination of blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies like CT scans or MRIs.
Treatment options for blood cancer vary depending on the type and stage of the disease.
Common treatments include:
• Chemotherapy: This treatment uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
• Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used to target and kill cancer cells.
• Stem Cell Transplant: This procedure replaces damaged or cancerous bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
• Targeted Therapy: Medications are used to specifically target cancer cells, minimising harm to healthy cells.
• Immunotherapy: This treatment boosts the body's natural defence to fight cancer.
• Watchful Waiting: In some cases, the doctor may recommend monitoring the cancer's progression before starting treatment.
Conclusion
Blood cancer can be a challenging and frightening diagnosis, but understanding the basics can help demystify this disease. Early detection and advances in treatment have improved outcomes for many people with blood cancer.
If you or someone you know experiences any concerning symptoms, seek medical attention promptly. Remember, medical professionals are here to help and guide you through the journey towards better health.
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